Relationship between Social Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of Internalized Stigma among HIV Positive Students in Higher Institutions of Learning in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Keywords:
Internalized Stigma, HIV, social demographic characteristics
Abstract
The purpose of the paper was to establish prevalence of internalized stigma among students living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The study assessed the current prevalence of levels of internalized stigma among students living with HIV in institutions of higher learning, the association of social demographic characteristics, health status, social supports, status disclosure and ARV adherence with internalizing stigma among HIV positive students. The study is informed by the PEN3 Model. Mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was adopted. The study target population was 33 HIV positive students drawn from higher learning institutions in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. A census survey was used. Data of HIV positive students was obtained from counselor officers. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and frequencies. In addition, Pearson Correlation was used to test the hypotheses. Findings showed that there is high level of internalized stigma among HIV students in these institutions. Correlation results showed that parents occupation, age, parents level of education, health status, social supports and ARV adherence were significantly correlated with internalizing stigma in HIV positive students. However, adherences to ARV and social support were negatively correlated with internalized stigma. Based on the study findings, collaborative efforts and policies are necessary to enhance effective interventions aimed at reducing internalized stigma in learning institutions, and for directing government and school-based policies and practices towards improving students with HIV right to education, empowerment and support.Article Views and Downloands Counter
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Airhihenbuwa, C., & DeWitt Webster, J. (2004). Culture and African contexts of HIV/AIDS
prevention, care and support. Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance, 1(1), 4-13.
Beyeza-Kashesya, J., Kaharuza, F., Edstrom, E. M., Neema, S., Kulane, A. & Mirembe, F.
(2011) to use or not to use a condom: A prospective cohort study comparing contraceptive practices among HIV-infected and HIV-negative youth in Uganda BMC Infectious Diseases, 11:14
Dlamini, P. S., Wantland, D., Makoae, L. N., Chirwa, M., Kohi, T. W., Greeff, M., Holzemer, W. L. (2009). HIVstigma and missed medications in HIV-positive people in five African countries. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 23(5), 377387.
Gilbert, L., & Walker, L. (2009). My biggest fear was that people would reject me once they knew my status . . .: Stigma as experienced by patients in an HIV/AIDS clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Health & Social Care in the Community,18(2), 139146.
GoK, (2011). The Kenya HTC Report 2011, Nairobi, Government Printers. Kalichman, S. C.,
Simbayi, L. C., Cloete, A., Mthembuc, P. P., Mkhontac, R. N., & Ginindza, T. (2009). Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: The Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale. AIDS Care, 21(1), 8793.
Kamau, M. N. (2012), AIDS Stigma and Discrimination in Public Learning institutions: A Case Study Of HIV-Positive Children In KENYA, The University Of Western Ontario, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey , (2009). Collaborating Institutions - Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey. Republic of Kenya.
Logie, C., & Gadalla, T.M. (2009). Meta-analysis of health and demographic correlates of stigma towards people living with HIV. AIDS Care, 21(6), 742753.
Mahajan, A. P., Sayles, J. N., Patel, V. A., Remien, R. H., Sawires, S. R., Ortiz, D. J., Szekeres, G., & Coates, T. (2008). Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: A review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward. AIDS, 22 (supplement 2), S67-S79.
Nwanna, C. R. (2005). Social consequences of HIV/AIDS: Stigma and discrimination in the workplace in Nigeria. Paper presented at the XXV International Population Conference held at the Vinci Convention Centre, Tours, France, 18-23. July 2005.
Nyblade, L. & Carr, D. (2011). HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A study of health care providers in Bangladesh. Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care, 10: 97-104.
Smith, R., Rossetto, K., & Peterson, B. (2008). A meta-analysis of disclosure of one's HIV-positive status, stigma and social support. AIDS Care, 20(10), 1266-1275
Stutterheim, S. E., Pryor, J. B., Bos, A. E., Hoogendijk, R., Muris, P., & Schaalma, H. P. (2009). HIV-related stigma and psychological distress: The harmful effects of specific stigma manifestations in various social settings. AIDS, 23, 23532357
GoK, (2011). The Kenya HTC Report 2011, Government Printers
UNAIDS Inter-agency task team (IATT) on Education, (2009). A Strategic Approach: HIV& AIDS and Education. Paris, UNESCO.
Published
2016-05-25
How to Cite
Moindi, M., & Kisilu, K. (2016). Relationship between Social Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of Internalized Stigma among HIV Positive Students in Higher Institutions of Learning in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Africa Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training, 1(1), 197-205. Retrieved from https://afritvet.org/index.php/Afritvet/article/view/27
Section
CROSS CUTTING THEMES IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
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